{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/0z70v8ch21/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["General Bishop"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/610/original/aviary_default_logo.png?1724134410","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["1595+1738+1670 (IDEA Catalog No.)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gouri Haim (Interviewer)","Bishop Berckly (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview features Bishop Berckly (General Bishop), who served as the British commissioner for the provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia in occupied Germany starting in 1946. He discusses the complexities of restoring order to the devastated region, managing the humanitarian crisis of Displaced Persons (including Jewish survivors), and addressing challenges such as food shortages, denazification, and relations with Soviet authorities.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e (general)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Testimonies","Trilogy","Films","Post-war Germany","Displaced Persons (DPs)","British Zone of Occupation","De-nazification","Concentration Camps (used as housing)","Palestine/Israel Immigration"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Immediate Post-War Era (1945) (temporal)","Discovery of Nazi Records (18 months post-war) (temporal)","The British Commissionership (Starting 1946) (temporal)","North Rhine and Westphalia (spatial)","The Ruhr Area (spatial)","Specific Cities (spatial)","Palestine (British Mandate) (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["WAV"]}},{"label":{"en":["File Size"]},"value":{"en":["662 MB"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"]},"value":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House Museum"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview features Bishop Berckly (General Bishop), who served as the British commissioner for the provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia in occupied Germany starting in 1946. He discusses the complexities of restoring order to the devastated region, managing the humanitarian crisis of Displaced Persons (including Jewish survivors), and addressing challenges such as food shortages, denazification, and relations with Soviet authorities.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr /\u003eThe raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/610/original/aviary_default_logo.png?1724134410","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collections/default_thumbs/000/002/950/small/Gemini_Generated_Image_nr5cx8nr5cx8nr5c.png?1769692460","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 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Bishop [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=0.0,1.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: You served in the occupied or the British zone in Germany since 46.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1.0,17.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you tell me what was exactly your job at that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=17.0,23.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Most of the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=23.0,24.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was the commissioner of the two provinces of North Rhine and Westphalia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=24.0,31.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These two had been combined because it was thought it would be hopeful if the highly industrial province of North Rhine, including, of course, the Ruhr area, was combined with the largely agricultural province of Westphalia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=31.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that these two were the complement of one another, and that therefore it would help to restore a democratic system of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=51.0,63.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government and way of life if these two provinces were brought together in this manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=63.0,69.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: What was exactly your job?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=69.0,75.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm mainly interested, as I know, you have a lot of displaced persons in the area, which was under your commission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=75.0,84.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And could you tell me something about this problem which you had to face?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=84.0,91.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=91.0,92.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of all the many problems that faced us when the war came to an end and we found ourselves in this devastated country with nothing working, no government, no police or security service, the communications disrupted, bridges destroyed, both rail and road,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=92.0,119.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no distribution of food or posts, law and order in complete disarray.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=119.0,129.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were, we felt, responsible for trying to restore some form of order out of complete disorder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=129.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the main things that we were trying to do was to ensure, as far as we could,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=139.0,148.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this Nazi philosophy, which was the main reason why we had fought the war, was dragged out Rutenbath from the new Germany and destroyed as far as we could possibly ensure that it was destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=148.0,165.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one of our major problems, in addition to those I've just briefly touched upon, was this problem of the very, very large numbers of displaced persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=165.0,178.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all sorts of nationalities who were in Germany at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=178.0,185.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course amongst them were the Jewish displaced persons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=185.0,190.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we who had got into Germany and witnessed the conditions in some of the concentration camps in which these people had been incarcerated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=190.0,206.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so many of them murdered, felt a terrible sadness and sympathy for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=206.0,216.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I do assure you there was no lack of desire to be helpful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=216.0,224.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when you had literally hordes of displaced persons with no shelter, no food, no control, no nothing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=224.0,234.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the first thing you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=234.0,236.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the first thing you do is to try to find them shelter, to supply them with food, with medical necessities, and with the essentials of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=236.0,251.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order to do this, we had to set up these displaced persons camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=251.0,257.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And bearing in mind the enormous destruction that had been wrought upon buildings in western Germany as a result of the war and the bombing and the rest, we had to take what we could get and take what we could get.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=257.0,272.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=272.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It included parish halls, schools, factories, and even barracks, and even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=273.0,282.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The old concentration camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=282.0,284.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Now, how did you, as a soldier and as a human being, felt about using the same concentration camps which the people were just freed from and had to be put back there in order to repatriate or --?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=284.0,300.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Well, we're certainly it's a this is a really stark question, isn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=300.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you put yourself in the position of a man, a woman, perhaps even with children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=305.0,311.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whatever nationality, and it's winter time, you're lying under a hedge, and it's cold and it's wet, and you've nothing over your head at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=311.0,321.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you prefer...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=321.0,323.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, they couldn't be all repatriated immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=323.0,327.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you prefer to go on lying under that wet, cold hedge, or would you prefer to go into some sort of sheltered accommodation where at least you will be kept warm and dry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=327.0,338.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the dilemma, that is the question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=338.0,341.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you felt that your revulsion that had been in these dreadful camps was so strong that you'd rather get ill or even perhaps die under a wet hedge, all right then, you stay under your wet 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operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=372.0,375.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And can you recall of what were the orders and how it was handled and how it was conducted?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=375.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole question of displaced persons as regard repatriation, as regard sorting out who is who, and as regard documents, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=385.0,395.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Well, you will realize that this was one of very many extremely difficult and urgent problems that we faced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=395.0,404.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was not therefore possible to devote the whole of our time and resources to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=404.0,409.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we did, I do think we can say this, we did do our best.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=409.0,414.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we felt that we must try to arrange an orderly return to their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=414.0,421.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"countries where they belonged and where they wished to go, and many of them, of course, wished to go to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=421.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the awful difficulty was, with them in general, was to get the agreement of the governments of the countries, not this doesn't apply to Israel, but to Poland, for example, from where so many of them had come, to accept them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=428.0,446.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to provide the transport to meet them when we handed them over at the frontier and so on and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=446.0,453.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we were forced, and I think anyone who'd served there at that time and witnessed it couldn't but agree with this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=453.0,461.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It couldn't be done immediately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=461.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had to be done over a period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=463.0,466.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had to make the necessary arrangements for their transport, for their reception, and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=466.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whereas, of course, the Jewish community were aching to get to Israel, a great many of the others, other nationalities, were very, very dubious and doubtful about the reception they would receive from the post-war governments, largely many communists, in their countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=473.0,493.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it wasn't a matter of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=493.0,497.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their longing to go, as it was with the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=497.0,499.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=499.0,500.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I just mentioned that as an illustration of the complexity of this problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=500.0,506.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Do you recall any we had a lot of stories sorry, we had a lot of stories about the behavior of the people, those people, the displaced persons after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=506.0,517.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance, a lot of people recall lack of moral principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=517.0,524.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people recall a question of lack of discipline altogether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=524.0,528.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so as I got food, we know the stories that people came out of the concentration camps and they grabbed food and a lot of them died because they had too much to eat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=528.0,536.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you tell me if you recall any experience of distributing food and things like that among the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=536.0,545.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Well, this was this doesn't necessarily apply to Israelis, to Jews, but it did apply...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=545.0,551.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: I'm talking about I'm talking about DP.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=551.0,554.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bishop Berckly: Yeah, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=554.0,555.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you see, a lot of it was this: When we arrived there, when we drove the Germans back and peace was finally secured, we found that there were bands of former what you might call slave laborers or sufferers of concentration camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=555.0,574.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roaming the countryside, stealing food and anything they can lay their hands on, and also sometimes, I'm afraid, having their revenge on the people who treated them so harshly in earlier days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=574.0,589.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were a number of cases of people being murdered who had been harsh and cruel employers in some factory or perhaps some farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=589.0,603.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, we felt that we were, for the time being, the responsible authority in that country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=603.0,610.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And no responsible authority can allow this sort of murdering to go on unchecked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=610.0,616.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we used to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=616.0,617.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, there was no police force there, no German police force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=617.0,620.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we had to use the army and we had to try and collect these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=620.0,627.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had to try and collect these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=627.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bring them to trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=634.0,636.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there were no German courts, and so we had to set up our own, until we could get German courts going, our own military courts, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=636.0,645.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, for the crime of, say, and this did sometimes happen, a whole family being murdered in their bedroom by people who had a grudge against them, probably quite justified, but still murdered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=645.0,658.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We felt we had to bring severe sentences to bear, and so sometimes the death sentence was imposed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=658.0,666.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we made every effort, and I was personally involved in this, in searching the record of the trial to see if there were no grounds in which we could exercise the prerogative of mercy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=666.0,685.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=685.0,686.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only say, looking back, that the maintenance and restoration of law and order was very difficult, and I do say that we did have the greatest sympathy for these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=686.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we tried to find some grounds in which we could say to the Commander-in-Chief, who was the ultimate authority, who could either say the death penalty goes forward or it's changed to something else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=701.0,715.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We think we can advise you to exercise the privilege of mercy and make it a few years' imprisonment or something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=715.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, that's -- But it was a very big problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=725.0,727.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shall we cut now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=727.0,729.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=729.0,729.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Now, can you tell me what was the situation in Germany of those days about supply of food and the common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=729.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"material which people needed to reconstruct their lives, and mainly food, because I believe that was the most urgent thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=743.0,750.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Over the problem of food in Germany when the war came to an end, it was one of the gravest of all the many problems that we had to try to face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=750.0,763.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was very, very inadequate stocks of food available, and there was great difficulty in those days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=763.0,772.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even with Marshall Plan aid and with grants from the British government to buy the food, because there was a world shortage of food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=772.0,782.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's interesting, I think, that the British people consented to accept bread rationing during that period, which we'd never been required to do during the Second War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=782.0,797.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the ration in Germany of food should be maintained at the totally inadequate level of a thousand calories a day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=797.0,808.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was what it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=808.0,811.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the problem was that those who operated on the black market were able to get, of course, a good deal more than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=811.0,820.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Can you tell me more about, can you elaborate about the question of black market in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=820.0,825.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Yes, there was, as I suppose was probably inevitable, a considerable black market, I'm afraid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=825.0,834.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this was partly due to lack of trust in the German currency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=834.0,842.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this again, I mean, I'm afraid I'll keep talking about the problems we face, but the lack of faith in the Treasury","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=842.0,851.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the currency was a very great problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=851.0,856.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all the German people entered into this extraordinary phase of having what was sometimes called a cigarette currency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=856.0,867.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, for a packet of 20 cigarettes, you could buy or obtain far more food or wine or whatever it was you wanted to purchase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=867.0,880.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than you could from Marx, Reichsmarx, because they just didn't trust in the value of the Marx.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=880.0,887.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, the currency was deteriorating at such a rate that the Marx almost completely lost its value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=887.0,896.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was not until the currency reform that was introduced by the Western occupying powers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=896.0,907.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in 1947, it may have been '48, that trust in the currency returned and food flowed into the shops overnight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=907.0,917.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the food up till then, and other things that had been disposed of largely on the black market, went back into the shops and was available for purchase in a normal, civilised way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=917.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Coming back to the question of the displaced persons, what were exactly the instructions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=932.0,937.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, what was exactly your work, apart from housing them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=937.0,941.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was exactly the instructions, how to deal with them, and what were you trying to do during that period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=941.0,950.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, our instructions were to recognize the hardships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=950.0,961.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they had suffered and were still suffering, to help them as much as we possibly could, to repatriate them to the countries where they wanted to go, but to do it in an orderly manner, not just to put a whole lot of them into a convoy of lorries and deposit them on some frontier where they might or might not be allowed to cross and would come surging back into the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=961.0,990.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British zones of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=990.0,994.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was, I think, the broad outline of the policy that we were told to follow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=994.0,1001.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: And the basis was ethnic basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1001.0,1004.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1004.0,1005.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: The basis was an ethnic basis, national basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1005.0,1008.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1008.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: On a national basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1009.0,1010.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Definitely, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1010.0,1011.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Do you recall any problem with the Jews at that period?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1011.0,1014.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because as we know, the Jews refused to be regarded as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1014.0,1018.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"belonged to any one of the nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1018.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we understand that the Jews created a problem, that they wanted to be recognized as a separate entity in that matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1020.0,1031.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: And I think most of them wanted to have the opportunity of going into the State of Israel, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1031.0,1037.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: It wasn't the State of Israel, it was Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1037.0,1039.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, all right, into Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1039.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, of course it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1041.0,1041.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in Palestine, subsequently, the State of Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1041.0,1045.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our problem there was, if I may try to explain it, and this again was not easy, it was this, that the League of Nations, as it then was, had entrusted us, British, at the end of the war in which we had fought to liberate Palestine from the Turkish and German armies and the administration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1045.0,1074.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We accepted the mandate for Palestine, and we felt that having accepted this, that it was our duty to try to ensure that a responsible form of administration was maintained in the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1074.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our problem was that we felt that if there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1099.0,1104.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right or wrong, if we did feel this, that if there was unlimited, uncontrolled entry into the country of the Jewish people who were longing to get there, and they came in very large numbers and in a very short period of time, it would create economic problems which would be almost insoluble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1104.0,1127.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it may be held that we were wrong in feeling that, but that was our feeling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1127.0,1132.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we also felt that we hoped and believed that we did have a reputation in the world for those countries in which we had, at that time, a responsibility for their administration and government in Asia and in Africa, that we had a reputation of trying to give good, fair, impartial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1132.0,1162.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1162.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't want to appear to be falling down on that reputation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1163.0,1169.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we felt, therefore, that we had to, again, I say right or wrongly, we felt that we had to insist on certain limits year by year to the number of immigrants that should come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1169.0,1184.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this may not be agreed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1184.0,1186.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that was the prelominant factor in our minds, the principle in our minds, that it was not anti-Jewish emigration into Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1186.0,1197.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was we do want to be able to go on to have a good administration there and be able to continue to control the situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1197.0,1206.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: What was, therefore, coming from that, here you have a situation where your orders is to repatriate the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1206.0,1216.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you have as displaced persons, in your commissioned area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1216.0,1221.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you faced a problem with Jews who are refusing to be repatriated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1221.0,1226.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the situation in that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1226.0,1228.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, a number of them wanted to go to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1228.0,1231.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1231.0,1232.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I remember that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1232.0,1233.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of them wanted to go to the United Kingdom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1233.0,1237.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we had a course to negotiate with those governments for their reception.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1237.0,1245.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again we felt that it was no good putting them into ships and landing them in some British or American port if they weren't going to be received hospitably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1245.0,1262.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these negotiations, particularly with the Iron Curtain countries, took a very, very long time and were not at all easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1262.0,1275.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Eastern Europe countries willing to accept the Jews back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1275.0,1278.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: In which countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1278.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Like the Soviet Union, like Poland, like Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1279.0,1284.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: No, definitely not, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1284.0,1287.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a greater preparedness on the part of the Western democracies to help over providing a decent life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1287.0,1300.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Jewish communities who suffered so grievously under the Hitlerian regime than there was from the Communist countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1300.0,1309.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no doubt about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1309.0,1310.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: But I want to understand because that's completely new to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1310.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are saying, and correct me if I'm wrong, that while the Eastern Bloc countries or the Communist countries were willing to accept their own citizens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1315.0,1325.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They put a distinction between Jews and non-Jewish people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1325.0,1328.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they were ready to take the Russians, the Ukrainians, the Poles, the Czechs, but they were not ready to take the Jews, even if they were deported by the Germans from their country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1328.0,1338.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, I would say they were more ready to accept the nationals who were not Jews than they were to accept the Jewish peoples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1338.0,1348.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: And by what means they put a distinction between -- did they put it clearly that they don't want the Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1348.0,1354.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or they put it vaguely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1354.0,1358.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, this is well understood from what they said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1358.0,1362.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I think it was done probably by administrative means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1362.0,1367.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you select people, who shall be the next lot for repatriation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1367.0,1372.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who make the selection needn't include a large number of Jews if they don't want to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1372.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'll take the others first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1379.0,1381.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was done that sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1381.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"practical way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1383.0,1385.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Now, were you aware of that time, that there is a continuous infiltration into your sector by Jews from outside sectors and outside countries, which fled back into the British zone of Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1385.0,1404.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: We certainly felt that there was a number of Jews came into our","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1404.0,1411.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sectors of occupied Germany, or zones as we call them, from countries which had been occupied by the Germans during the war, such of course as Czechoslovakia, Poland and so forth, and the eastern zone, the Soviet zone of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1411.0,1432.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did get a number back from those areas, certainly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1432.0,1437.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: But did you realize at that time that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1437.0,1440.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That sort of operation was an illegal operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1440.0,1444.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't something which was directed by the allies, but really it was some sort of, let's say, a Jewish organization which helped the people to come back to the British zone, believing that through the British zone they'll find a better solution than being in the American zone, for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1444.0,1466.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I think we go back to this factor of our desire to try to create and promote good, stable administration and government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1466.0,1478.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see in our zone, for example, where because 86 percent of the heavy industry of Germany was in the Ruhr area, actually in the area that I was responsible for, the Ruhr and North Rhine areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1478.0,1494.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Which are actually the main cities there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1494.0,1495.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Pardon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1495.0,1496.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Which are the main cities in those cities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1496.0,1498.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, of course, Dusseldorf is one, Cologne is another, Dortmund is another, Stuttgart is another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1498.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dortmund, I remember, when we arrived there, had 86% of its buildings in dwelling houses and factories destroyed by bombing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1510.0,1520.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the people were eking out an existence in the cellars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1520.0,1525.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to get back to this point of whether we welcomed people from other areas or other countries into our zone, I had personally a thousand refugees on the average came into my area of North Rhine-Westphalia every 24 hours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1525.0,1544.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can remember lying in bed at night and thinking, how are we going to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1544.0,1550.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accommodate them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1550.0,1551.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are we going to feed them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1551.0,1553.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are we going to give them a roof over their heads?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1553.0,1556.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, as it was such a grievous problem, and as we wanted to maintain a decent standard of living in the area for which we were responsible, we didn't exactly beckon them in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1556.0,1573.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think I don't recall holding them back, but we didn't encourage them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1573.0,1580.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Passages on the checkpoint?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1580.0,1582.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you stop them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1582.0,1583.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1583.0,1584.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Not at all, you know what I mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1584.0,1586.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I don't recall stopping them, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1586.0,1587.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: You don't recall stopping them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1587.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I don't recall it, no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1588.0,1589.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: And what were the means of identifying anyone?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1589.0,1593.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, a displaced person was a status those days, or you have been a stateless or a status-less status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1593.0,1602.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what would they mean to identify somebody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1602.0,1605.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How they'd been controlled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1605.0,1607.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Well, this was very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1607.0,1608.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a system of what we called the Fragerbogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1608.0,1612.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fragerbogen being this sort of questionnaire, very detailed questionnaire, that we gave to everybody and said, now will you please fill this in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1612.0,1620.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if they filled it in, honestly, it told you a great deal about them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1620.0,1626.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if they were Germans, whether they had been active and held a responsible position in the Nazi Party, which was what we were mainly looking out for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1626.0,1636.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of our problems was that we did not unearth the Nazi Party records of membership until about 18 months after the war came to an end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1636.0,1651.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were then finally unearthed somewhere in the United States zone of occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1651.0,1656.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once we got those, then we really knew how to carry on with our main objective, which was to prevent anybody who'd been prominent at all in the Nazi Party from holding any position of influence or importance in the post-war Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1656.0,1677.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: So what do you want to say, in other words, that you've been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1677.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to sort out of the displaced person infiltrators from the Nazis or trying to escape sentences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1681.0,1689.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1689.0,1690.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: And that was part of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1690.0,1692.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: It wasn't easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1692.0,1694.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's awfully easy to sit back now with hindsight, you know, as I do very often and think, why did we do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1694.0,1701.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why didn't we do the other thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1701.0,1703.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can only say that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1703.0,1706.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we can claim that we tried honestly to do our duty as we saw it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1706.0,1713.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we made mistakes, I'm quite sure we did make mistakes, but we did try.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1713.0,1720.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And unless you witnessed the situation that faced us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1720.0,1724.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the start of this period, this post-war period, it's very difficult for anybody, however sympathetic in understanding you may be, to realise what it's like to be thrown into this sort of maelstrom and told that you're in charge of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1724.0,1738.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was told I was in charge of 11 million people in North Rhine-Westphalia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1738.0,1744.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's a great responsibility, isn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1744.0,1747.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I often used to think, Who am I to be placed in this extraordinary position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1747.0,1755.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you could only try your best.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1755.0,1758.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's not surprising, I think, if we did make mistakes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1758.0,1765.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1765.0,1766.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about inside the camps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1766.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do we recall problems between ethnic groups in the camps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1768.0,1773.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I know that at the beginning, the Americans and the British refused to recognize ethnic groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1773.0,1778.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They tried to put them in nations or in states or region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1778.0,1783.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a group, not in nation or ethnic groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1783.0,1788.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you recall any of these problems in your area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1788.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1790.0,1790.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: I don't think I do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1790.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, I was responsible for law and order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1793.0,1797.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was responsible for the supply of food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1797.0,1800.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was responsible for the government of that area, for setting up democratic forms of government at various levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1800.0,1808.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All that came my way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1808.0,1810.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the legislation that was subsequently passed by the LAMTAG and the councils at lower level had to be approved by me before it became into force.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1810.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All that was my line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1820.0,1822.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I had under me teams, you see, of the displaced persons organisation, and it was their primary task to organise and run","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1822.0,1838.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these displaced persons' camps and to get them home where they wanted to go as soon as they possibly could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1838.0,1845.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they would come to me or to one of my advisors if they were in difficulty over transport, over food, over getting permission from authority, from the recipient's authority to accept these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1845.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the sort of daily day administration and running of these camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1861.0,1866.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't be done by me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1866.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there just wasn't a time I had to leave that to the displaced persons organization to run, which was their duty to run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1867.0,1877.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had an overall responsibility of overseeing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1877.0,1882.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I did sometimes visit these camps, but I couldn't run them day by day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1882.0,1888.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: And what this was, I understand now your responsibility, I've got a full picture of it and I can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1888.0,1893.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the difficulty from the human side, because after all, I believe you came to Germany as a colonel in the army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1893.0,1900.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1900.0,1900.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You came as a fighting...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1900.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1902.0,1903.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not as an administrator, which is...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1903.0,1905.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1905.0,1906.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A psychologist more than a colonel in the army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1906.0,1914.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1914.0,1915.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was your, if you can recall, what was your whole concept of the situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1915.0,1920.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, here you are in the middle of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1920.0,1923.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His Majesty, government, and your army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1923.0,1927.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on the other side, these people with a lot of stresses and sufferness which you couldn't share with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1927.0,1933.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had it and you didn't have it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1933.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'd been the freed army, the freeing army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1934.0,1937.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And could you recall some of your own personal, very personal thoughts of that time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1937.0,1945.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you were a little man in the middle of all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1945.0,1951.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can recall some of your thoughts at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1951.0,1953.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"MR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1953.0,1955.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: When the war ended and we'd got into Germany and occupied Germany and occupied the various zones that were agreed beforehand -.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1955.0,1964.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: By the way, have you been part of the framework?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1964.0,1965.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: MR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1965.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1966.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1966.0,1966.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1966.0,1968.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd just been an ordinary army officer in the regiment and then on the staff and that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1968.0,1976.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then when the war was over, some of us are army officers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1976.0,1980.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was then a Major General.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1980.0,1981.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were summonsed by Field Marshal Montgomery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1981.0,1985.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, Gentlemen, the war is over, and we now have another duty to perform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1985.0,1992.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this duty is to try and help these people to get back on their feet, to prevent there being the most appalling epidemics of illnesses and disease spreading throughout Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=1992.0,2009.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to show them that we are prepared to readmit them into the Committee of Nations if we will give up this terrible Nazi philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2009.0,2022.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he gave us all different jobs, and to one of us he said, now there's an awful housing 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ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2031.0,2040.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go and get them built again and get the army to help you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2040.0,2043.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he said to me, to my great surprise, there are no newspapers, there's no broadcasting, there's no films, there's no books being published.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2043.0,2055.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you have a situation where people have none of those media of information, you are bound to have the most wild and dangerous rumors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2055.0,2065.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore, without making sure that the Nazi people who are concerned in it are not allowed to have a leading role in it, 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of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2079.0,2084.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running newspapers or films or broadcasting organisations or anything like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2084.0,2092.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He looked at me and he said, don't you argue with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2092.0,2096.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, you go and get on with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2096.0,2099.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, there are men in the army who've done these different things before they join the army.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2099.0,2104.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can take any of them out you like and they'll help you and you organise it and get on with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2104.0,2109.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that was my first effort, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2109.0,2113.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then later on, after we'd got the Nordresdeutsche Rundfunk and I think we had, what was it, 23 newspapers in our zone going and the broadcasting service and films going again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2113.0,2131.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was really difficult because nearly all the people who were good at it had to be members of some sort of the Nazi party, or they weren't allowed to hold the job, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2131.0,2142.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we had great difficulty in finding Germans who could take over, who weren't tainted with this dreadful Nazi philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2142.0,2150.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, in due course that happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2150.0,2152.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I was told I was to be the commissioner, or if you like, governor of these two provinces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2152.0,2160.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And down there I went.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2160.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was really appearing orders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2164.0,2168.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say, I look back on it as the most interesting period of my life and I'm very glad that I was privileged to have the opportunities of serving under those conditions and trying to help, despite, as I've already admitted, the mistakes that I'm quite sure we made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2168.0,2190.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: What was the shape of the displaced person when you found them first, when you saw them first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2190.0,2194.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The shape of?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2194.0,2195.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The displaced person, the DP's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2195.0,2198.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Oh, miserable misery, state of abject misery, I would say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2198.0,2207.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"misery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2207.0,2209.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I find it hard to describe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2209.0,2213.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course those who felt that they were likely to be sent forcibly back to the Uncurtained countries used to kneel on the ground in front of you and put their arms around your legs and implore you not to send them back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2213.0,2233.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was not easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2233.0,2236.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I refused to send them back, as a matter of fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2236.0,2241.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I felt that I'd rather be sacked than do a thing against my conscience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2241.0,2247.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have no doubt you would have felt the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2247.0,2248.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: But that wasn't the policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2248.0,2252.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The policy was to send them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2252.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: It was, in a way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2255.0,2255.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, it was, in a way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2255.0,2257.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, it was, and it was a source of great distress to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2257.0,2261.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see, another thing that we were told in those days was that there was a very great problem, and that was to, if possible, find a modus vivendi with the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2261.0,2277.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were told that we were the only British people, representatives of Britain, who were in close and sometimes daily touched with representatives of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2277.0,2289.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could find a way of getting on with them and getting them to appreciate that we wanted to be cooperative and we didn't want to be difficult, it might have immeasurable influence on the future piece of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2289.0,2306.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we were instructed, you see, to use every effort to work with the Russian officials and representatives, and this we tried to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2306.0,2317.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it wasn't always easy at all, I assure you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2317.0,2320.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Did you face any pressure from them on the question of repatriation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2320.0,2323.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: No, great pressure, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2323.0,2325.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: In what ways?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2325.0,2326.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Great pressure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2326.0,2328.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great pressure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2328.0,2328.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember one case, one of their generals came to me and said that they determined that the Baltic people, Lithuanians, Lithuanians, Estonians, Latvians, who were in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2328.0,2346.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"displaced persons camps in my provinces should go back to these Baltic countries which they, of course, had taken over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2346.0,2354.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these were the very people who'd knelt before me and begged me not to send them back, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2354.0,2359.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I said to this chap that, All right, if you and your officers can go into those camps, which I give you full permission to do, and if you can persuade them that they will be kindly and sympathetically treated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2359.0,2375.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by you when they get back and they say, all right, then we'll go home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2375.0,2380.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then no obstacles will be thrown in the way at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2380.0,2384.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this officer, this Russian officer, said, well, that's very fair, he said, and all right, we're going to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2384.0,2393.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a few days later, he came back to me looking very distressed and said, I've been told to go back to Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2393.0,2401.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was obviously very frightened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2401.0,2405.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, his authorities did not approve of his agreement with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2405.0,2409.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To come in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2409.0,2410.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To come, to try and persuade them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2410.0,2412.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see, I said to him, if you can't persuade them, surely it's fair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2412.0,2416.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'll leave them where they are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2416.0,2417.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, well, yes, it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2417.0,2418.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's what they didn't like, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2418.0,2420.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this chap, eventually, we couldn't stop it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2420.0,2424.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He eventually had to go back to Russia, and of course, nobody's ever heard of him again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2424.0,2429.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: When did you arrive to Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2429.0,2431.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the date of your arrival to Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2431.0,2434.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Oh, immediately, as the war was dragging to an end, 1945.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2434.0,2439.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: When you came to Germany, can you recall, were you aware of the atrocities or the monstrous behaviour of the Germans with the civilians?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2439.0,2449.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Not to the extent that we were when we saw places like Belsen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2449.0,2453.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we have...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2453.0,2454.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: You had the person yourself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2454.0,2456.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: No, I didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2456.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But did you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2458.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should have, perhaps, looking back, but I was told such horrifying stories of it from my brother officers who had, that I said, Well, I accept it from you what you say, and I don't want to put myself through that soul-searing experience, and I didn't go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2458.0,2477.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I rather regret now that I didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2477.0,2480.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the truthful answer is that I didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2480.0,2483.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: So to what extent you were aware of what's happened to these people, I mean, and how much it's affected your feelings?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2483.0,2489.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Oh, I knew they'd had the most awful time, the most frightful, indescribably dreadful time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2489.0,2497.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after all, you couldn't read all these files about the trials of these people who tried to get their own back by murdering some of their oppressors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2497.0,2510.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You couldn't read all that evidence without having a very good idea of what they'd gone through, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2510.0,2516.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do assure you, if it's necessary to do so, that we had the greatest sympathy for them, and we were honestly desirous of being helpful to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2516.0,2527.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, believe that or not, that is how we felt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2527.0,2530.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We couldn't always do all the things we wanted to, because like all other officers and officials, we were under higher authority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2530.0,2538.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Didn't you face the problem in spite of your genuine desire to help, which I completely believe you, of course I have no reason not to believe you, but didn't you feel that when you clashed with these people, sometimes they were so back at you, you are worse than the Nazis, or anything like that, that you were dislike the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2538.0,2558.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: We didn't dislike them at all, we were just very, very sorry for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2558.0,2562.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: No, but didn't they?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2562.0,2563.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes so against you offenses when you have them in those camps and you have to limit their moves and you have to put them in order and you have to put them in groups in order to keep them in some sort of form which you can control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2563.0,2577.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you come across some sort of a vault or any sort of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2577.0,2581.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: On their part, you mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2581.0,2582.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: On their part, just on their part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2582.0,2584.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: No, I'm sure they must have presented it very deeply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2584.0,2587.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what you do, you see...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2587.0,2592.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't explained properly the law and order problem, I didn't want to exaggerate it, that we faced when we got there, you see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2592.0,2601.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We understood why these people felt so bitterly about it, but there were quite a number of sort of little bands of released displaced persons who were going around the country, going into isolated farms and murdering the farmer and his family in their beds at night.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2601.0,2621.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody who is responsible for the administration of an area can just let that sort of thing go on without doing their best to stop it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2621.0,2633.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we had to do our best to stop it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2633.0,2636.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I suppose that's one of the reasons why the people concerned must have thought we were unsympathetic to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2636.0,2642.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We weren't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2642.0,2643.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were really just trying to maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2643.0,2647.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a reasonable system of government and law and order which we felt so strongly was our duty to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2647.0,2654.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we would have been just as harsh if not more so, I think more so probably, with any German who had attempted to murder a displaced person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2654.0,2664.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were with a displaced person who attempted to murder the German.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2664.0,2668.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because with the DP, we all of us sort of sought the ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2668.0,2671.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, isn't there some way that we can advise the Commander-in-Chief that he should exercise his prerogative or mercy, as I've already mentioned, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2671.0,2680.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we searched and searched these files.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2680.0,2684.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the lawyer said, this is a clear case, and the decision of the court is absolutely right and should be carried out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2684.0,2692.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then some of us who weren't lawyers at all, and I was one of them, were given these files to look at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2692.0,2698.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see whether we, with a different approach, couldn't find some grounds for the exercise of the prerogative of mercy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2698.0,2707.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And occasionally we did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2707.0,2709.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Occasionally we did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2709.0,2710.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some irresponsible boy had gone wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2710.0,2713.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember a case that I met and he put notices in people's letter boxes saying Hitler was a splendid man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2713.0,2721.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's A pity he's not alive now, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2721.0,2723.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was sentenced to death for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2723.0,2726.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I thought, well, this way, he's probably a silly, irresponsible youth who was brought up in the Hitler Jugend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2726.0,2733.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it really seems a bit tough to execute him for an atrocious, youthful folly he may reform, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2733.0,2743.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so he was put in prison for two, three years and was not executed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2743.0,2747.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we did try to be merciful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2747.0,2753.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Well, General Bishop:, I would like to thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2753.0,2755.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you've been most helpful to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2755.0,2757.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Bishop: Good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2757.0,2758.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm so glad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2758.0,2759.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I can be of any other help to you at any point in time, do please tell me, won't you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2759.0,2764.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358/transcript/88060/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: We shall, first of all...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164462/file/299358#t=2764.0,-1407.1654"}]}]}]}