{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/v40js9kk5h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Yehuda Neidich "]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/610/original/aviary_default_logo.png?1724134410","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["1534+1535 (IDEA Catalog No.)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gouri Haim (Interviewer)","Neidich Yehuda (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview features Yehuda Neidich, an American Jewish chaplain, discussing his experiences assisting Holocaust survivors and displaced persons (DPs) in post-war Europe. The conversation covers the liberation of Paris, the movement of Jews across borders (the Brikha), and the efforts of the American military to provide status, aid, and hope to Jewish survivors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e (general)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Testimonies","Trilogy","Films","Displaced Persons (DPs)","DP Camps","Pogroms (Kielce)","Morale and Resilience","Jewish Chaplaincy","Jewish Brigade"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Paris, France (spatial)","American Zone, Germany (spatial)","Eastern Europe (Poland/Lithuania) (spatial)","Post-War (temporal)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["WAV"]}},{"label":{"en":["File Size"]},"value":{"en":["397 MB"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"]},"value":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House Museum"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis interview features Yehuda Neidich, an American Jewish chaplain, discussing his experiences assisting Holocaust survivors and displaced persons (DPs) in post-war Europe. The conversation covers the liberation of Paris, the movement of Jews across borders (the Brikha), and the efforts of the American military to provide status, aid, and hope to Jewish survivors.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' 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Transcript.wav"]},"duration":2171.10227,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collections/default_thumbs/000/002/950/small/Gemini_Generated_Image_nr5cx8nr5cx8nr5c.png?1769692460","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-gfhorgil.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/299/404/original/Yehuda%20Neidich%20Transcript.wav?1767187900","type":"Audio","format":"audio/wav","duration":2171.10227,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Yehuda Neidich Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=0.0,1.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Yes, second question is, and it's connected with this morale and boosting and the Yeshuvas as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1.0,7.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You mentioned in your book, and I hope I'm not wrong because my mind might be confused with other stories, but you mentioned in your book two things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=7.0,14.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, the effect on Jews and their reaction when they saw the, on Elatos, the Ten Commandment sign with the Magen David, and this is one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=14.0,25.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the second is the Jewish Brigade lads, when they came over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=25.0,28.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's the first time when I saw in Europe, it's the first time it came to my knowledge what was written in script on the present, on the canvas of the trunks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=28.0,38.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=38.0,39.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So could you tell me about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=39.0,41.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found it fascinating, this story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=41.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: The Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=47.0,49.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You asked me the question about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=49.0,51.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the connection between morale and the emblem of the Jewish chaplain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=51.0,57.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, actually the first time that I saw that kind of reaction was at the time of the liberation of Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=57.0,66.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came to Paris within a couple of days after its liberation, and liberation was still in the air.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=66.0,77.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the first things I did was to take my jeep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=77.0,81.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Pletzel, as the area is called in Paris, which was, in effect, the center of the old Jewish ghetto in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=81.0,92.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I parked my jeep with my Jewish chaplain's flag flying on it, because I was hoping it would attract any Jews who might still be alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=92.0,105.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The American army presents to every Jewish chaplain in the army a Jewish chaplain's flag that has on it the Magain David and the Luchot, the tablets of the Ten Commandments, the very same emblem that every American army Jewish chaplain wears on the lapels of his uniform, which points to the fact that he is a Jewish chaplain in the American army, that he is a rabbi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=105.0,133.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the flag on my Jeep soon attracted a number of Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=133.0,139.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they came in great eagerness because the flag and the Magain David on my uniform meant for them that they were re-establishing a connection to the Jews of the outside world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=139.0,158.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was the first Jew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=158.0,161.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from outside whom they had met after the liberation of Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=161.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Magain David in itself stirred their enthusiasm and raised their morale and really meant for them that liberation was really here for Jews as well as for all other people in Paris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=166.0,182.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you asked me a question about the trucks of the Jewish brigade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=182.0,188.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must mention here in passing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=188.0,191.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there was a close relationship between a number of our American Army Jewish chaplains and the men of the Jewish Brigade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=191.0,201.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we tried to work as best we could with them in their various projects for the rescue of Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=201.0,211.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we tried to obtain military supplies, medical supplies, food supplies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=211.0,218.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the movement of our fellow Jews directed by the men of the Jewish Brigade.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=218.0,223.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say we tried, we also succeeded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=223.0,226.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition, some of our chaplains even were able to use American Army trucks to transport Jewish DPs to the borders where they were picked up by the men of the Jewish Brigade in their own vehicles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=226.0,246.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the vehicles of the Jewish brigade, at least some of the vehicles, had on them the words, Achtung, the Judenkommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=246.0,259.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, the words began with a parody of what had been formerly the national Nazi slogan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=259.0,269.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you remember, the original slogan was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=269.0,273.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Einfolk, Einland, Einfuder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=273.0,277.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And on a number of the vehicles of the Jewish brigade were inscribed the words, Kindfolk, Kindland, Kindfuder, Achtung die Judenkommen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=277.0,289.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I need not point out that while this brought smiles to our faces, it must have struck fear and trepidation into the hearts of those who had been Nazis and their sympathizers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=289.0,305.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Well, we embarked upon the question of the Berecha and the emigration of the Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=305.0,309.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here is a very important question about, A, Jews were emigrated into the American Zone all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=309.0,320.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, what the generals found or the commanders of the area found in their area when they took over was nothing like what they found a month or two later, and even in the camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=320.0,330.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, Jews start to move later on out of the region, not commanding or not controlling, controlled by the American forces at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=330.0,343.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was some sort of a movement which supposed to be controlled by the Americans, not controlled by the Americans, wouldn't have been taking place unless the Americans were sympathizer one way or another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=343.0,354.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: There are two parts to this question, one concerning movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=354.0,360.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the camps from Eastern Europe, and secondly, movement out of the camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=360.0,365.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me take them up in order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=365.0,368.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is true that when the original concentration camps were conquered by the American armies and the survivors were liberated and placed into displaced persons camps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=368.0,385.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their numbers were approximately in the vicinity of 80,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=385.0,392.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But soon, very soon, more Jews began crossing the borders from Eastern Europe and coming into the American zone of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=392.0,405.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was due to several factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=405.0,408.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one, the borders were still fluid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=408.0,413.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=413.0,415.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Eastern Europe had still not been organized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=415.0,417.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where they were struggling to be organized, they were still not able to exercise power, police power, over their frontiers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=417.0,428.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that it was comparatively easy to move across international borders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=428.0,434.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, many Jews had come to Poland and Lithuania","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=434.0,443.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had returned to their homes from the concentration camps and the DP camps in Germany to look for their beloved families, and in most cases had learned that all their families had been killed by the Nazis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=443.0,463.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a few unusual cases, there were miracles that a man would come back from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=463.0,473.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a DP camp in Germany, in the American zone, and would find a child, perhaps a child whom he had left with Christian neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=473.0,482.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember one particular such incident of a Jew who had been in Dachau and who after the war went back to his city in Lithuania and had found his son still alive, kept and protected by the Christian neighbors with whom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=482.0,502.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this Jew had left his son but unfortunately such stories were rare in most cases the Jews had found their families killed either by the Nazis sometimes with the help of their former Polish neighbors or Lithuanian neighbors and the Jews then returned across the borders back into the American zone of Germany right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=502.0,528.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: I just want to make sure whether what you tell me this is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=528.0,532.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fact which you learned on the spot or you are now making...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=532.0,537.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: No, this is a fact I learned on the spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=537.0,539.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: No, when you talk about being killed by Lithuanian Polish, did they tell you about the Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=539.0,543.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: Oh, this was told to me by some of the Jews themselves, that they had gone back, they had learned that their families had been killed, that in some cases they had been sent off to death camps, and in other cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=543.0,559.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had actually been brutalized by their former neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=559.0,563.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition, their former neighbors had taken possession of all of their former properties, all the Jewish properties, that this was one of the explanations for the fact that their former neighbors had taken part in such anti-Jewish activities in order to be able to take over Jewish properties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=563.0,587.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, to continue the story,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=587.0,591.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these Jews constituted only a small fraction of the Jews who were now crossing international borders and coming into the American zone of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=591.0,602.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About them, I would say they were coming back to the American zone of Germany, and they were legally Jewish DPs, according to the American definition of the word DPs, which was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=602.0,614.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people found in the concentration camps by the American armies when they liberated those camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=614.0,621.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, a much larger number of Jews was beginning to cross the international borders into the American zone of Germany who had never been in the concentration camps liberated by the American armies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=621.0,634.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These were Jews who had somehow or other managed to survive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=634.0,642.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Eastern Europe, whether in Poland or in Lithuania or one of the other Baltic countries, or in Austria or in Hungary or in Romania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=642.0,653.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them had been in the death camps in Eastern Europe and had survived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=653.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others had managed to hide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=657.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And still others were Russian Jews who had, together with former Polish Jews, been shipped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=659.0,669.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to the east by the Russians who had shipped these Jews from what had formerly been eastern Poland and western Russia back of their lines to the interior of the Soviet Union and even to Asiatic Russia in order to protect them, in order that they would not be caught between the two opposing armies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=669.0,698.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Germans on the one side and the Russians on the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=698.0,701.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these Jews were returning to their former places of residence and discovering what the conditions were like, discovering that they could not build a new life for themselves in their former cities and towns and villages, and aware of the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=701.0,725.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the borders were still fluid, that this was an opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=725.0,730.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opportunity to move across the borders before the borders would be closed, they began moving across the borders to the American zone of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=730.0,739.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I say this, that they themselves began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=739.0,743.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others have charged that the Brikha organized them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=743.0,749.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I maintain that the members of the Brikha did indeed organize the flow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=749.0,757.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that they did not, that is the members of the Brikha, did not start it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=757.0,761.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had been started by the Jews themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=761.0,765.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the members of the Brikha came in to organize the flow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=765.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: They came six months later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=770.0,773.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: As you say, they came in long after the flow of Jews began.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=773.0,779.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now very quickly, the questions came to General Eisenhower from commanders on lower levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=779.0,786.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wanting to know what should they do with these new Jews coming into the American zone of Germany, trying to sneak into the DP camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=786.0,799.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Should they permit them to enter the DP camps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=799.0,802.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first place, should they permit them to cross the borders into the American zone of Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=802.0,808.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And upon my recommendation, General Eisenhower issued an order to the effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=808.0,816.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that first of all, all such Jews should be freely admitted to the American zone of Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=816.0,822.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, they should be given the status of DPs, meaning that they were to be admitted to DP camps in the American zone of Germany, and given all of the so-called privileges the DPs had, namely a place to stay temporarily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=822.0,843.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and food and shelter and clothing and everything else now I figure that by this order another 80,000 Jews from Eastern Europe came into the American DP camps and so I think that's one of the great things that Eisenhower did to help save the Jews of Eastern Europe uh by contrast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=843.0,872.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lord Montgomery, the commanding general in the British Zone of Germany, issued an order barring such Jews from entering the British Zone of Germany, saying that they were technically not displaced persons, and hence they were to be kept out of the British Zone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=872.0,890.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, all that happened was that Jews entering the British Zone who were kept out were diverted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=890.0,898.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the south and entered Bavaria into the American zone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=898.0,903.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these Jews, ultimately, the great majority of them, when the Jews went to Palestine, they went too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=903.0,915.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I come to the question of movement out of the camps, the second part of the question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=915.0,922.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were Jews who were eager","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=922.0,927.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fulfill their dream as quickly as possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=927.0,932.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have mentioned the fact that I took David Ben-Gurion to the first DP camp that he saw Zeilsheim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=932.0,940.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He asked that a meeting be arranged for that evening between the leaders of the committee of Jews in Zeilsheim and himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=940.0,951.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was present at that meeting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=951.0,954.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He asked the leaders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=954.0,956.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Jews in the DP camp of Zeilsheim, if orders were given to you by the leaders of the Yishuv to leave the DP camp and to begin marching on a certain day, and to continue marching across borders to a port in southern Europe to embark upon a so-called illegal ship for so-called illegal immigration to Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=956.0,987.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would you be ready to do it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=987.0,991.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they answered immediately, without any doubt, Yes, we are prepared to do it and the Jews in Seilsheim will follow us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=991.0,1004.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, You might face American military guards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1004.0,1009.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might face border guards of other countries with rifles, with ammunition in the rifles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1009.0,1016.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you still prepared to go despite all possible danger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1016.0,1020.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they said again, Yes, we are ready to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1020.0,1024.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, whether Ben-Gurion ever had such a scheme in mind or whether his questions were simply to test the mettle of the Jewish displaced persons, I do not know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1024.0,1038.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But those were his questions and these were the answers he received.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1038.0,1044.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was movement out of the camps, and I am certain that the movement was organized by Brytha, and that they did not have difficulty in finding volunteers to move out of the camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1044.0,1063.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so movement continued out of the camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1063.0,1067.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, one of the recommendations that Ben-Gurion made to Eisenhower after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1067.0,1072.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his visit to the DP camps that Eisenhower facilitated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1072.0,1078.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the recommendations Ben-Gurion made was that people should be brought in from the Yishuv to help train the Jews in the DP camps in agriculture and to help teach them Hebrew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1078.0,1093.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ben-Gurion argued it would help prepare them for their future life when they would get to Palestine and secondly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1093.0,1099.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would be a factor in building morale now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1099.0,1102.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would help many of these Jews to fill up their leisure time instead of their having to walk around in the camps with nothing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1102.0,1113.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Eisenhower agreed, and as a matter of fact, arranged for an American military plane to go to Palestine to pick up the men and women who were brought in that group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1113.0,1128.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the American zone in Germany to teach agriculture and Hebrew in the DP camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1128.0,1134.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have no doubt that they also fulfilled other important missions in the camp, such as helping to organize the Jews for movement out of the camps to Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1134.0,1148.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Now, another question which was coming up all the time from various sources is the question of the black market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1148.0,1159.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Jewish camps or the Jews being involved in black market?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1159.0,1163.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did it come through you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1163.0,1164.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you hear about the echelons of the American command?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1164.0,1170.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: I did hear about black marketeering, and I don't excuse it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1170.0,1177.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, I understand it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1177.0,1180.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When people have been degraded and humiliated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1180.0,1187.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the worst possible way, when they have been treated by others in the most diabolical fashion, when they have been robbed of their own humanity, and when they have seen their wives and their children killed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1187.0,1203.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that many of them reasoned that to involve themselves in black marketeering was no great sin, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1203.0,1216.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were eager to try to reestablish themselves in the world and to recoup at least a small portion of the great possessions they had once owned that had been taken from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1216.0,1230.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't forget that many of these people, a large proportion of them, were very clever people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1230.0,1236.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they had not been so clever, they would not have perhaps been able to survive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1236.0,1241.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now they use their cleverness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1241.0,1244.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to gain something back in a totally different way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1244.0,1252.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would call to your attention the example of the great skill used in Munich by some of the members of the Committee of Liberated Jews of Bavaria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1252.0,1269.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they established entire departments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1269.0,1273.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the creation of papers of all kinds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1273.0,1279.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lesse passe, passports, with stamps and seals that looked more real than the real ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1279.0,1288.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And by means of these various official-looking papers, Jewish DPs and Jewish refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1288.0,1299.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were enabled to cross borders and to move freely from one place to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1299.0,1304.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'm pointing out is that these Jews had great abilities and great talents, and in many cases, very fine minds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1304.0,1315.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some few instances, regrettably, I think, although I can understand it, these led them in the direction of the black market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1315.0,1328.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Could you tell me, please, your recollection from the pogrom in Kelce?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1328.0,1332.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As it happened, you've been into Europe again at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1332.0,1335.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1335.0,1336.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In July of 1946, I went back to Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1336.0,1342.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had been discharged from active duty in the American army on March 15th of 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1342.0,1352.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee asked me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1352.0,1356.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After I completed a tour in the United States for the United Jewish Appeal, speaking in order to raise funds for the Jews of Europe, the JDC asked me to go back to Europe to visit the camps again and then to go to South Africa and what was then called Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia to raise funds for the Jews of Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1356.0,1379.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I went back to the camps in July of 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1379.0,1383.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It happened that I was in the camps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1383.0,1385.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Bavaria at the very time when Jews came fleeing from the pogrom in Kilts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1385.0,1394.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they told us the story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1394.0,1396.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They themselves had been among those Jews who had hoped that they would be able to reestablish their lives in Poland after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1396.0,1407.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had gone back to Kilts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1407.0,1410.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they thought that for their families and themselves, they would be able to build a new life there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1410.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But their Polish neighbors resented the fact that, first, they were still alive, that the Nazis had not killed them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1417.0,1428.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly, they resented even more the fact that they had had the chutzpah to return to Kilz and to reclaim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1428.0,1439.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their homes and their businesses and their possessions that the Polish neighbors had already taken possession of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1439.0,1448.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the pogrom broke out, and it was a bloody pogrom, and Jews were killed, and Jewish heads were broken, and Jewish blood was spilled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1448.0,1460.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these Polish Jews, who had dared to hope that they could rebuild their lives on Polish soil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1460.0,1471.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after World War II were now convinced that that was a snare and a delusion, and that there was no future for them or for any other Jews on Polish soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1471.0,1486.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that pogrom, incidentally, stimulated the flight of many other Jews from Poland and Eastern Europe, other Jews who had also hoped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1486.0,1499.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that perhaps they could reclaim their possessions and start life anew in their old cities, towns, and villages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1499.0,1507.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they saw that that was not to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1507.0,1510.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Now, another thing which I just come to my mind in your book and it crossed perfectly with what I've heard from Rabbi Levy, the British chaplain from Bergen-Belsen, which was entirely out of your command.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1510.0,1526.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question of bringing children into the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1526.0,1530.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you said that in your book, so beautiful, that they wanted to show that Amishrahel fight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1530.0,1535.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Elbe Levi told me stories just the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1535.0,1538.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had the problem of marrying people, and there was a problem of Agunah and Almanah, and the Rabbinate, the Chief Rabbinate in London didn't permit him to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1538.0,1548.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you tell me a little bit about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1548.0,1550.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question of rebuilding life on the personal level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1550.0,1556.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: I must confess to you that when I went to St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1556.0,1560.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atilian for the first time, St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1560.0,1562.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atilian is a small place not far from Dachau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1562.0,1568.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When Dachau was liberated, a very heroic Jewish doctor who was in Dachau by the name of Zalman Grinberg came, incidentally, he was the one I referred to earlier, who found a son.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1568.0,1585.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Lithuania when he went back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1585.0,1588.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1588.0,1589.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Zalman Gruenberg was skillful enough and perceptive enough to establish a makeshift hospital at St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1589.0,1602.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otilian, taking over what had been a hospital there before and bringing the injured and the maimed and the crippled and the sick into the hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1602.0,1615.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These, of course, were all from, for the most part, from among the survivors of the Dachau death camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1615.0,1623.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I visited St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1623.0,1624.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otilian for the first time and Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1624.0,1625.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Glenberg showed me around, I was amazed by the resiliency of the Jews and by their desire to live, despite all that they had experienced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1625.0,1638.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what impressed me the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1638.0,1640.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was when he took me into a ward of children, young children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1640.0,1646.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, I was stunned because I could not believe that they had survived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1646.0,1653.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somehow or other, each one represented a different miraculous story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1653.0,1659.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you got the story about each one, you heard an incredible event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1659.0,1666.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in addition, I was surprised that Jews should want to bring children into the world at a time when they were undergoing the worst imaginable experiences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1666.0,1681.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to me, this showed that the will to live is powerful, and that where it exists in people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1681.0,1696.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a much greater chance to live even despite the worst obstacles placed in their path.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1696.0,1707.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the will to live of these survivors carried them through, and that same will to live showed itself in the fact that they wanted to have children, even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1707.0,1722.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a world that they knew as being a hellish world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1722.0,1730.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in my book I tell the story that Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1730.0,1735.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grinberg spoke to these children, and he introduced me to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1735.0,1741.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said to them that I was a rabbi, an American rabbi, even though I was dressed in the uniform of an American","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1741.0,1752.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"army officer, and he said to them, Children, will you sing a song for our guest?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1752.0,1759.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they sang, Am Yisrael Chai.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1759.0,1765.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I am not ashamed to confess that tears rolled down my cheeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1765.0,1770.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because if they could sing Am Yisrael Chai, the Jewish people lives under such circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1770.0,1779.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I was reassured that Am Yisrael Chai, the Jewish people, really will live despite the Nazis and despite all the enemies of the Jewish people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1779.0,1791.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he said to me something else, Dr.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1791.0,1793.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ginberg.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1793.0,1794.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, When you go back to America, tell the Jews there about these children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1794.0,1802.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell them that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1802.0,1806.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have certain vital statistics that the American Jews should know about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1806.0,1811.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their vital statistics are their address, St.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1811.0,1816.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Atilian, DP camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1816.0,1820.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their destination, unknown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1820.0,1825.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let the American Jews do their best to see to it that these children shall reach the destination of the Jewish homeland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1825.0,1836.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used that story again and again during my fundraising speaking tour of 40 states in the United States, and later in South Africa and Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1836.0,1851.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: No, I just want to-- it's not a question to end, but there was an interview, which I found fascinating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1851.0,1861.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just wanted a technical question, which I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1861.0,1865.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought I should ask at the beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1865.0,1867.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How somebody would have claimed a DP status?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1867.0,1872.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what kind of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1872.0,1874.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did he have any papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1874.0,1875.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did the American command issue them with papers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1875.0,1879.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was one of the things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1879.0,1880.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing I know that even the Jewish blecha echelons, all the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1880.0,1892.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trucks and the trains, they used to go under UNRWA and others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1892.0,1895.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were always big search for defectors or for collaborators.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1895.0,1899.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They always believed that the Jews are among them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1899.0,1902.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some Nazis hiding, things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1902.0,1904.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm just asking you how that was controlled, that one could have just come in and claimed to be DP and here he was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1904.0,1913.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After all, not everyone knew everybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1913.0,1916.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yehuda Neidich: The DP status was granted immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1916.0,1922.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all Jews who were found in concentration camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1922.0,1925.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they were moved to DP camps en masse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1925.0,1930.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, I was present at one such move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1930.0,1934.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American army trucks came and with military drivers, with soldiers, with American army officers in command.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1934.0,1944.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jews were put into the trucks and they were taken to a DP camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1944.0,1950.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it was impossible for somebody from the outside to come in and to get into a truck and to be moved to the DP camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1950.0,1958.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, if a Nazi, for example, were to try to smuggle himself into a DP camp and to claim DP status, he would have been found out immediately, not by the American officer who was in command of the camp,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1958.0,1979.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or by any of the American military, but by the Jews themselves in DP camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1979.0,1983.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They knew who the Jewish sufferers were, and they could easily have detected any alien who had tried to assume the status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1983.0,1997.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, when they were, in the beginning, placed in camps with pro-Nazi Yugoslavs in one particular camp.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=1997.0,2009.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It didn't take them many minutes to know who were the Yugoslavs and who were the Jews, and to erect at least a psychological barrier immediately, separating the two groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2009.0,2023.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was no difficulty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2023.0,2025.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't recall for a fact that they were issued any official papers that they might carry testifying to the fact that the holder of this card is a displaced person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2025.0,2038.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think the papers were necessary because they were together in camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2038.0,2045.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a desirable status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2045.0,2048.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in addition, there is a harder part to the question when you remember that not all the Jewish TPs were in DP camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2048.0,2057.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were Jewish DPs who very quickly settled in German cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2057.0,2066.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the problems that I had was to get recognition for such Jews as DPs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2066.0,2075.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you will study the military orders that were issued by General Eisenhower at that time, with my recommendation, there's one order that says that Jewish persons living in German cities will be given DP status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2075.0,2096.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't remember the exact wording of the order, but that was the intent of the order, that such Jews would be given DP status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2096.0,2103.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For what purpose?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2103.0,2105.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that they might claim certain food rations, certain clothing disbursements, certain other benefits that would accrue to them as holders of DP status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2105.0,2124.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this recognition was granted by the American army to Jews living in German cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2124.0,2130.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, most of the Jews living in German cities, comparatively small in number, were DPs, although there were a few German Jews who returned to Germany, as for example, approximately 600 German Jews who returned to Frankfurt from Theresienstadt, and similarly in other German cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2130.0,2154.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the larger number of Jews who were...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2154.0,2158.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning to reside in German cities, were Jewish DPs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2158.0,2164.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interviewer: Well, I think that I asked all I have to ask.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2164.0,2166.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404/transcript/88065/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it's very, very short.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/164491/file/299404#t=2166.0,14.10227"}]}]}]}