{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/xd0qr4qp0v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["1613.1 - Tuvia Bielski"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/610/original/aviary_default_logo.png?1724134410","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["1613 (IDEA Catalog No.)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Gouri Haim (Interviewer)","Bielski Tuvia (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDocumentary Trilogy testimonies: Tuvia Bielski.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLength: 23:49\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eContent: Tuvia Bielski describes establishing the Jewish partisan unit and turning it into an unprecedented rescue and survival enterprise in the heart of the forests. Following the execution of the Jews who lived in the ghettos, Bielski escaped to the forests with some of his siblings and friends. He was chosen to lead and enforced harsh military discipline for the safety of the group. The method of operation was a chain – people who found shelter in the forest were sent back into the ghettos to get more Jews out, and so the community grew to a group of some 500 people, and later on to over 1,000 fighters alongside older adults and children.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond active fighting and gathering weapons, the group maintained an autonomous communal life that included craft workshops, a flour mill, kosher slaughtering of animals, collecting news from the front, while providing services to other partisans, free of charge, to strengthen their strategic ties with them. Bielski tells that they encountered antisemitism and had to change their location in the forest. He considers the fact of Jewish survival a combative action in itself, as every slice of bread consumed by those under his command was denied from the German soldier.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films. The raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e (general)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Testimonies","Trilogy","Films","Camp - Families","Partisans","Badge, Jewish","Judenrat","Antisemitism","Red Army"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Lida","Novogrudok (Novogrudek)","Poland","Grodno","Belorussia (Belarus)","Dvorets","Huta","Leningrad","Vilnius (Vilna)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["Hebrew"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["mp3"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Fridberg Pesach","Amarant Samuel","Malbin Lazar","Barkovski Gershon"]}},{"label":{"en":["Contributor"]},"value":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House Museum"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eDocumentary Trilogy testimonies: Tuvia Bielski.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eLength: 23:49\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eContent: Tuvia Bielski describes establishing the Jewish partisan unit and turning it into an unprecedented rescue and survival enterprise in the heart of the forests. Following the execution of the Jews who lived in the ghettos, Bielski escaped to the forests with some of his siblings and friends. He was chosen to lead and enforced harsh military discipline for the safety of the group. The method of operation was a chain \u0026ndash; people who found shelter in the forest were sent back into the ghettos to get more Jews out, and so the community grew to a group of some 500 people, and later on to over 1,000 fighters alongside older adults and children.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond active fighting and gathering weapons, the group maintained an autonomous communal life that included craft workshops, a flour mill, kosher slaughtering of animals, collecting news from the front, while providing services to other partisans, free of charge, to strengthen their strategic ties with them. Bielski tells that they encountered antisemitism and had to change their location in the forest. He considers the fact of Jewish survival a combative action in itself, as every slice of bread consumed by those under his command was denied from the German soldier.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ghetto Fighters' House Museum produced three documentary films known as The Documentary Trilogy. The films are: The 81st Blow (1974), The Last Sea (1979), and Flames in the Ashes (1985). The creators were David Bergman, Jacquot Ehrlich, and Haim Gouri.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eMany recorded testimonies were integrated into the films.\u0026nbsp;The raw materials of the testimonies are kept in the archive of the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' House"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Ghetto Fighters' 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אני","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=60.0,70.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"יכול להיכנס. אני נכנסתי לבית אחד, לא ידעתי מי שם יהיה בבית או מי שיש שם בבית. אבל נכנסתי,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=70.0,80.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ואני ראיתי שכמה אנשים יושבים על המיטה ובוכים 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שיהיה","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=130.0,140.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"לא יהודי. זה היה הדבר הראשון שאמרתי בלבי, אין לי מקום בגטו, אין לי מקום לשוחח","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=140.0,150.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"עם גרמנים ואין לי מקום לחשוב הרבה, וזה היה הדבר האחרון. אבל ראשית כול כשקראתי 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ביילסקי:\tחמורים...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=629.0,630.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"דובר_1:\tהוא אומר (בלי להקליט), אז הוא מפסיק זה, זה הוא אומר, זה האנשים שלא תפסו, בעיניו הם חמורים, בעיניו","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=630.0,640.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"הם חמורים, הם אנשים לא 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יענקל'ה","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=643.0,650.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"אתה יכול לסגור.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=650.0,656.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"טוביה ביילסקי:\tאני יכול להגיד?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=656.0,657.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"מראיין:\tכן, כן.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=657.0,659.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"טוביה ביילסקי:\tאם אתה","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=659.0,660.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"שומע את תשובתי, אז תשמע. אחרי כמה ימים, אחרי הישיבה הראשונה,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=660.0,670.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"אמרתי לפסח והוא אמר לי, אין יותר לבקש מהם רחמים שהם ילכו לגטו. אבל אנחנו באנו, אתה, אתה ואתה,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=670.0,680.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"שלושה או ארבעה איש מוכרחים ללכת לגטו. ואם לא, עזבו אותנו. הם ראו שזה לא צחוק.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=680.0,690.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"וכשהם הרימו את ידיהם שאני אהיה מפקדם, אז אני אמרתי להם, תדעו לכם חברים 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לטובתנו.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=750.0,760.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"אחרי כמה ימים באות אחת או שתיים מהבחורות, ואומרות אליי: חבר קומנדיר, אנחנו רוצים ללכת לגטו ולהביא מישהו, אמא שלי","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716#t=760.0,770.0"},{"id":"https://gfhorgil.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2950/collection_resources/134654/file/249716/transcript/70750/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"עוד חיה, אבא שלי עוד חי, עוד אח יש לי או אחות יש לי. אז אני אומר להן: אתן בחורות, תשבו פה, 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